Next national day

All national days →

History · Türkiye

The history of the 8 Turkic states, each under its own flag: states, battles and turning points.

HistoryBattle of Manzikert (1071)Sultan Alp Arslan's victory over the Byzantine army on 26 August 1071 — the start of Anatolia becoming a Turkish homeland.Read more →
HistoryConquest of Constantinople (1453)On 29 May 1453 the army of Sultan Mehmed II took Constantinople; the Byzantine Empire fell and the city became the Ottoman capital.Read more →
HistoryOttoman Empire (1299-1922)A Turkish state that grew from a small frontier principality into an empire on three continents and lasted more than six centuries.Read more →
HistoryGallipoli Campaign (1915)The defeat of the Entente fleet and army's attempt to force the Dardanelles in the First World War — the origin of the saying "Çanakkale is impassable".Read more →
HistoryTurkish War of Independence (1919-1922)The national struggle against the occupation of Anatolia after the First World War, which led to the founding of the Republic of Türkiye.Read more →
HistoryProclamation of the Republic of Türkiye (1923)On 29 October 1923 the Grand National Assembly proclaimed the Republic, followed by reforms that transformed state and society.Read more →
HistoryTurkish alphabet reform (1928)On 1 November 1928 Türkiye switched from the Arabic script to a new Latin-based Turkish alphabet and launched a nationwide literacy campaign.Read more →