APersonIndependent states
Kurmangazy Sagyrbayuly
The greatest composer of Kazakh instrumental music and dombra master (1823–1896), author of "Adai" and "Saryarka".
Kurmangazy was born into a poor family in the Bukey Horde in western Kazakhstan. Known from youth as a dombra master, he was repeatedly imprisoned for his free spirit and defiance of tsarist officials.
More than 60 of his kuys survive, including "Adai", "Saryarka", "Kishkentai" and "Balbyrauyn". With their passionate rhythms, bold melodies and drama they are the summit of the western (tökpe) style.
The Kazakh National Conservatory and the national folk orchestra bear his name; he is buried in the village of Altynzhar in Astrakhan Region.
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Updated: October 2, 2026