The Treaty of Zuhab (Qasr-e Shirin, 1639)

In 1623 Shah Abbas I took Baghdad from the Ottomans and a new long war began. In 1638 Sultan Murad IV led a campaign in person and retook Baghdad, after which Shah Safi agreed to negotiate.

On 17 May 1639, near Qasr-e Shirin (in today's Kermanshah province of Iran), the Ottoman grand vizier Kemankeş Kara Mustafa Pasha and the Safavid representatives signed the treaty. Baghdad and all of Iraq passed to the Ottomans. Irevan, Nakhchivan, Karabakh, Shirvan and Dagestan stayed Safavid. Western Georgia went to the Ottomans and eastern Georgia to the Safavids, while the Akhaltsikhe region passed entirely to the Ottomans.

The Treaty of Zuhab ended some 150 years of rivalry between the two states, and no major war followed for more than eighty years. Although the two sides signed more than 18 border treaties between 1555 and 1918, the general line of today's Turkey-Iran and Iraq-Iran borders was drawn here.