AHistoryIndependent states
The Shaybanid State (1500-1599)
The Uzbek state founded in Transoxiana by Muhammad Shaybani Khan, who came from the Kipchak steppe and replaced the Timurids.
The dynasty takes its name from Shiban, a grandson of Genghis Khan. In the 15th century Abu'l-Khayr Khan, of Shiban's line, united the nomadic Uzbek tribes of the Kipchak steppe. His grandson Muhammad Shaybani Khan took Bukhara and Samarkand in 1500-1501 and drove the Timurid prince Babur out of the region.
In 1507 Shaybani Khan took Herat and ended the Timurid state. In 1510 he fell near Merv fighting the Safavid ruler Shah Ismail, but the dynasty kept Transoxiana.
The state was at its strongest under Abdullah Khan II (in power from 1557, khan in 1583-1598): the capital moved to Bukhara, where new bazaar domes, caravanserais and madrasas were built. After the death of the last member of the dynasty, power passed to the Ashtarkhanids in 1599.
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Updated: November 10, 2026