The Battle of Ghazdewan (1512)

After Merv, Babur had retaken Samarkand with Safavid help, but in 1512 the Uzbeks drove him out again. Babur asked Shah Ismail for more help, and the shah sent his commander Najm-i Sani into Transoxiana with a large army, which Babur joined.

The allied army took Qarshi after a long siege, advanced towards Bukhara and besieged the fortress of Ghazdewan (Gijduvan). In November 1512 an Uzbek army under Ubaydullah Khan and Janibek Sultan came to its relief. The Safavid-Babur army was heavily defeated, and Najm-i Sani was captured and killed.

Ghazdewan secured Transoxiana for the Uzbeks. Babur never took Samarkand again and turned his eyes south to India, where fourteen years later, at Panipat, he founded the Mughal Empire.