Proclamation of the Republic of Türkiye (1923)

After the War of Independence the Ottoman sultanate was abolished on 1 November 1922, and Ankara was declared the capital on 13 October 1923. On 29 October 1923 the Grand National Assembly declared the form of government a republic and elected Mustafa Kemal Atatürk as the first president.

Wide-ranging reforms followed: the caliphate was abolished and education unified in 1924, a new Civil Code was adopted in 1926, the Latin alphabet was introduced in 1928, and in 1934 women gained the right to vote and stand for election and the Surname Law was passed.

Every 29 October Türkiye celebrates Republic Day, its greatest national holiday.