ACityIndependent states
Bishkek
The capital and largest city of Kyrgyzstan, at the foot of the Ala-Too mountains, with about 1.2 million people.
The Kokand Khanate built the fortress of Pishpek on the site in 1825, and a Russian settlement was founded there in 1868. The city was called Frunze from 1926 to 1991 and took the name Bishkek after independence.
Its heart is Ala-Too Square, where a monument to the hero of the Manas epic stands and the changing of the honour guard before the state flag draws visitors. Broad avenues, parks and the snowy peaks to the south give Bishkek its character.
Bishkek is the country's political, economic and cultural centre. Ala-Archa National Park is only 35 kilometres away, and Issyk-Kul is a few hours' drive.
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Updated: October 3, 2026